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Solar

"Introduction • What will you learn?
• Structure of the capacity building program"

Overview of project phases from feasibility study to O&M
· Overview of project phases · Project Organigram of a SPV project
Overview of rooftop systems
· Components and functionality of the system
· Types of buildings where rooftop PV is installed
· Types of rooftop PV systems

Challenges for rooftop PV deployment
· Space challenge
· Shading challenge
· Tropical climate challenge
· Weather fluctuation and grid integration challenge
· Other challenges

Benefits of rooftop deployment
· Added value to the building
· Decentralized generation
· Multi-orientation as a grid support

Rooftop specific installation standards and commissioning practices
· Health & safety
· Lighting protection
· Fire protection
· Protection against indirect contact
· Commissioning according to the IEC 62446

Energy storage in rooftop systems
· Main principles
· Technologies
· Monitoring
· Energy consumption profiles
· Optimum of a battery energy storage system

Financing rooftop PV installation
· Subsidies and incentives
· Self-owned solar rooftop
· Third-party owned solar rooftop
· Utility-based business models
· Cost trend
· Taxation issues
· Contracts

Utilities and rooftop management
· Grid connected-solar rooftop: network requirements
· PV Grid Integration challenge
· Grid stability
· Metering business models and tariffs
· Forecasting of PV generation and consumption
· Remote monitoring

Case studies
· Cottbus, Germany 4 MW - Financial close
· Ukraine BIPV - 15.8 kWp
· 695 kWp roof top PV plant in Andhra Pradesh (India)
· Integration of distributed PV in the German grid

Deployment of Rooftop Photovoltaic ProjectsFeasibility, Challenges and Business

Training Course

Introduction • What will you learn?
• Structure of the capacity building program Overview of project phases from feasibility study to O&M • Project Organigram of a SPV project
• Overview of project phases
• Risks and key aspects in each project phase Solar PV technology • Applications of SPV to grid-connected centralized PV plants
• Overview of a ground-mounted SPV system
• Solar PV modules (technologies and applications)
• Fixed mounting structures vs. tracking systems (pros and cons)
• String inverters vs. central inverters (pros and cons)
• Quantifying the system performance. Representative values The solar resource
· Main variables (irradiation and temperature)
· Satellite vs. land-based stations
· Available meteorological sources in the market, main features
· Important aspects when selecting irradiation data sets
Site selection - not all are suitable for PV projects (30min)
· Key aspects to be inspected, site-specific risks
· Exclusion criteria

Energy yield prediction
· Importance of hourly values of the irradiation and temperature
· Calculation of the irradiation on a tilted plane
· Available simulation programs in the market
· Input values for the simulation programs
· Overview of the system losses between module and grid connection points
· Module degradation and system availability
· P50 and P90 calculation
·
PV plant design
· System components selection
· Layout and shading of large-scale PV plants
· Electrical design (DC/AC ratio, DC and AC protection, overvoltage, grounding)
· What does an ideal plant look like?
· Design documentation requirements

Installation standards
· Construction planning
· Site preparation
· PV modules
· Mounting structure
· DC cable routing
· Combiner boxes and distributors
· AC cable routing
· Grounding and equipotential bonding

Commissioning
· Provisional acceptance commissioning (PAC), commissioning sequence and protocols
· Final acceptance commissioning (FAC), commissioning sequence and protocols

Operation and maintenance
· Aims of an O&M plan
· General requirements for a proper O&M service
· Schedule and unscheduled maintenance
· Performance Ratio control
· Module cleaning in the field
· Typical failure distribution in operating plants

Essential electrical devices used for failure detection in the field
· Drones vs. handheld cameras (pros and cons)
· Electroluminescence analysis, best practices and applications for certain module failures
· IV tracing, best practices and applications for certain module failures

Contracts and permits
· Overview of relevant permits during the development phase
· EPC contract
· O&M contract
Quality assurance of PV plants - interface between LTA and investor
· Milestones for quality inspection
· Impact of quality lacks on the financial revenue
· Investment risks and countermeasures
· Types of Technical Due Diligence (TDD)
· Structure of TDD
· Commercial interpretation of the technical results. How much do you want to know?

Technical challenges of SPV nowadays
· Extreme climate conditions in new markets, expected performance and reliability of the system components
· Cost reduction of BOS components
· Performance simulation
· Fast and high quality installation in new markets

Case studies
· Commercially relevant design and installation failures - Photographic documentation
· 5MWp Italy - Module claim - 100% Electroluminescence - micro cracks
· 40MWp Israel - 100% Infrared - Hot Spot analysis, soiling
· 4 MWp Germany - Technical Design - roof top, shading analysis
· 64 MWp Bulgaria - Module claim - Potential Induced Degradation analysis
· 130 MWp Chile - Technical design c-Si fixed tilted - desert area
· 9 MWp India - Technical design (c-Si fixed tilted and tracking, thin film fixed tilted)
· 140 MWp Philippines - Design review

Design, Construction, Commissioning and Quality Control of Grid Connected PV Plants

Training Course

Introduction • What Will you Learn?
• Structure of the Capacity Building Program Overview of Project Phases • Project Organigram of a SPV Project
Identification of Investment Risks • Milestones for Quality Inspection
• General Investment Risks
• Site Specific Risks
• Safety Risks
• Management Risks •Logistic Risks
• Financial Risks
•Geo-political Risks
• Legal Risks
• Technical Risks
•Project Stakeholder´s Risk (Module Supplier, Inverter Supplier, EPC, Developer)
• Investment Risks in New Markets
•Potential Induced Degradation as a Performance Killer

Risk Evaluation and Quantification of Impact
· Introduction to Failure Modes Effects Analysis (FMEA)
· Definition of the Risk Priority Number (RPN) Depending on the Stakeholder´s Perspective
· Quantification of the Financial Impact of Risks using the Cost Priority Number (CPN). Impact on CAPEX, OPEX and Yield.
Bankability Products for Risk Mitigation
· Q1 - Quality Management Prior to Financial Close
· Q2 - Quality Management During Installation and Commissioning
· Q3 - Quality Management During Re-financing and Acquisition
· Harmonization of Technical Reports and Financial Language
· Costs of Quality Management

Key Documents for Financial Close
· What Makes a PPA Contract Bankable?
· What Makes an O&M Contract Bankable?
· What Makes an EPC Contract Bankable?
· What Makes a Module Supply Agreement Bankable?
What Makes a Yield Assessment Bankable?

Case Studies
· Sub-Saharan Afrika - 15MW - Re-financing
· Chile - 100MW -Acquisition - Single Axis Tracking System
· Sicily - 4MW - Re-financing - Ground Mounted
· Germany - 500kWp - Acquisition Process - Roof Top
· Germany - 4 MW - Re-financing
· India - 9 MW - Provisional Acceptance Commissioning

Management of Technical Risks in Solar PV Projects

Training Course

Module 1. 1. Risks and challenges in the development and execution of PV projects
2. Objectives and requirements for a correct execution of the O&M
3. Preventive maintenance
4. Corrective maintenance
5. Predictive maintenance
6. Typical distribution of failures in PV plants

Module 2
1. Key performance indicators in PV plants
2. O&M Reports
3. O&M cost distribution
4. Creation of O&M contracts
5. Case studies
a. 70MW - Chile – single axis tracking
b. 125 MW- India – ground mounted

Best Practices in Operation and Performance Monitoring of Solar PV Plants

Training Course

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