Power System Protection Masterclass
This seminar is specifically designed to provide a comprehensive understanding of the principles of power system protection design. Via a progressive “building block” approach, this seminar proceeds from the basic concepts, such as security, reliability and duplication of power system protection through to a comprehensive consideration of protection of the transmission system and power station plant. Thus, this seminar is specifically designed to meet the learning requirements of those who presently have only a fundamental knowledge of protection principles, while, via a progressive approach, also considering more advanced topics to thus provide a valuable insight for those more experienced in the discipline of power system protection design. Hence, this seminar will assist both those whose day to day work involves them in the application of protection design, coordination and relay setting, and also those in less directly associated areas of electricity system design.
"Day 1 Fundamental Principles of Power System Protection
• Dependability and Security
• Speed of Protection"
"• Protection Zones & Overlap • The “ART” of Protection
Unit Protection Principles
Non-Unit Protection Principles"
"• Redundancy and Duplication of protection Duplicate Main Protection
Main and Local Back-up Protection
Main and Remote Back-up Protection
• CB Fail Protection and Blind Spot Protection"
Fault Studies and Sequence Components
• Introduction to Fault Analysis
• Per Unit Methodology
• Classical Fault Study
• Sequence Components
- Three Phase faults
- Phase – Phase Faults
- Single Phase Faults
- Resistive Earth Faults
• Transformers and Sequence Networks
Current Transformers to IEC 60044
• P Class Current Transformer Specification
• PX Class Current Transformer Specification
• Transient Performance of CTs
- Fault Currents and DC Offset
- DC Offset, CT Flux and (1 + X/R) Principles Day 2
Over Current and Earth Fault Protection
• Time & Current Discrimination
• Relay Characteristics to IEC60255
• Coordination Procedure
• Instantaneous Elements
• Grading Margins
• Parallel Elements and OC Protection Grading
• Directional Relays
• Earth Fault Protection
• Sensitive Earth Fault Protection
• Fuses
• Fuse and Relay Coordination
Introduction to Distance Protection
• Distance Zones, Time and Reach Coordination
• Primary and Secondary Impedances
• Simple Amplitude Comparators
• Impedance Circles
• Simple Angle Comparators
• Mho Circles
• Polarizing for Close-In Faults
• Zones of Protection – Circles and Quadrilaterals
• Three Phase Load Limit Performance
• Comparator Configurations for :
- 3 Phase and Phase-Phase Faults
- Earth Faults with Ko compensation
Distance Relay Protection Signalling
• Permissive Under Reach Transfer Tripping (PUTT)
• Permissive Over Reach Transfer Tripping (POTT)
• Blocking Intertripping
• DEF Intertripping
• PLC systems
Day 3
Advanced Applications of Distance Protection
• Mutual Coupling
• Teed Feeders
- DIT, PUTT, POTT and Blocking Applications
• Zone 3 Back-up Considerations
• Fault Resistance
• VT Supervision
• Polarizing for Close-in Faults and SOTF Logic
• Power Swing Blocking
Feeder Digital Current Differential Protection
• Data Synchronisation
• Conventional Biased Differential Systems
• Alpha Plane Systems
• 2, 3 and Multi Ended Systems
• Intertripping Schemes
• Back-Up Distance Relay Functionality
Transmission and Distribution System Auto Reclosing Concepts
• Dead Time and Reclaim Time
• EHV Single and Three Pole Schemes
• Master/Slave Synchronism and Voltage Checks
• Distribution System Auto Reclosing
• Auto Reclosing Safety Considerations
Protection of Capacitor Banks
• Over Current Protection and In-Rush Current Considerations
• Capacitor Can, Bank Components, and Design Considerations
• Balance Protection Schemes
• Over Voltage Protection
Day 4
High Impedance Differential Protection (Busbars)
• HZ Differential Protection Principles
• Setting Principles
- Setting Voltage for Through Fault Stability
- CT Requirements for In-Zone Fault Detection
• Current Operated Relays with Stabilising Resistors
• Limiting HZ Protection Scheme Secondary System Voltages Safely
• Primary Operating Current
- Application of Shunt Resistors
• Bus Zone Protection Check Systems
• CT Supervision Requirements
• High Impedance Differential Protection Schemes for other Galvanically (Electrically) Connected Plant
Transformer Protection
• Buchholz and Pressure Relief Devices
• Bias Differential Basic Principles
• Stability under Magnetising Inrush Conditions
• Stability under Over Excitation Conditions
• Stability with Transformer Phase Shifts
• Stability under through Earth Fault Conditions
• Determination of Delta CT Connection
• Delta / Star Transformer Example
• Determination of CT Ratios
• Micro Processor Relay Implications
• Winding Neutral End Faults
- Restricted Earth Fault Protection
• Zig-Zag Earthing Transformers
• Neutral Displacement Protection
Day 5
Low Impedance Busbar Differential Protection
• Central and Bay Unit Designs
• Features to Accommodate Poor Quality CTs
• Multiple Zone Applications
• Allowance for Dynamic Switching of Plant
• Voltage and Check Zone Interlocking
• CB Fail and CB Fail Bus Trip Facilities
• Blind Spot Fault Facilities
• Multi Functionality
Generator Protection : Generator Faults
• Generator Differential Protection Schemes
• Voltage Displacement Protection
• Stator Earth Fault Protection
(100%, 95% and 3rd harmonic schemes)
• Rotor Earth Fault Protection
Generator Protection : Generator Events
• Stator Overload Protection
• Negative Phase Sequence (NPS) Protection
• Over Voltage and Over Excitation Protection
• Under Excitation Protection
• Reverse Power Protection
• Under and Over Frequency Protection
• Out of Step Protection